Nervous system
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Olfactory pathway - 1st video

Video
Anatomy of the head and neck
Cervical regions, anterior view

Illustration of the frontal part of neck with the course of subcutaneous structures.

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Anatomy of the head and neck
Lateral cervical regions

Illustration of the lateral part of neck with the course of subcutaneous structures.

Illustration
Anatomy of the head and neck
Cerebellum and cranial part of pons, cross section, myelin stained

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Anatomy of the head and neck
Cerebellum, frontal section, Nissl staining

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Anatomy of the head and neck
Cerebellum, frontal section

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Anatomy of the head and neck
Caudal part of oblongata, cross section

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Anatomy of the head and neck
Horizontal section through spinal cord

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Anatomy of the head and neck
Upper part of oblongata, cross section, Nissl staining

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Anatomy of the head and neck
Spinal cord and oblongata, cross section, Nissl staining

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Anatomy of the head and neck
Medulla oblongata, cross section, myelin stained

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Anatomy of the head and neck
Mesencephalic – diencephalic transition, oblique section, myelin stained

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Anatomy of the head and neck
Mesencephalon 3, cross section

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Anatomy of the head and neck
Mesencephalon 1, cross section

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Anatomy of the head and neck
Mesencephalon 1, cross section, Nissl staining

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Anatomy of the head and neck
Mesencephalon 2, cross section, Nissl staining

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Anatomy of the head and neck
Mesencephalon 3, cross section, Nissl staining

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Anatomy of the head and neck
Caudal part of the oblongata

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Anatomy of the head and neck
Pons, cross section, Nissl staining

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Anatomy of the head and neck
Pons, cross section

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Anatomy of the head and neck
Ponto-mesencephalic transition, cross section, Nissl staining

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Anatomy of the head and neck
Ponto-mesencephalic transition, cross section, eosin

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Anatomy of the head and neck
Basal nuclei and amygdala - Nissl staining

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Anatomy of the head and neck
Basal nuclei and anterior commisura; frontal section, Nissl staining

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Anatomy of the head and neck
Basal nuclei and anterior commisura; frontal section

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Anatomy of the head and neck
Caudatum, corpus callosum, gyrus cinguli, Nissl staining

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Anatomy of the head and neck
Caudatum, corpus callosum, gyrus cinguli; frontal section

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Anatomy of the head and neck
Fissura calcarina and optic radiation, Nissl staining

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Anatomy of the head and neck
Fissura calcarina and optic radiation

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Anatomy of the head and neck
Hippocampus and basal nuclei, frontal section

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Anatomy of the head and neck
Hippocampus, striatum and thalamus, frontal section, Nissl staining

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Anatomy of the head and neck
Motor cortex; histological preparation, Nissl staining

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Anatomy of the head and neck
Thalamus, capsula interna, basal nuclei and amygdala - Nissl staining

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Anatomy of the head and neck
Visual cortex - Nissl staining

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Anatomy of the head and neck
Visual cortex

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Anatomy of the head and neck
Chiasma opticum

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Anatomy of the head and neck
Mammilary bodies

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Anatomy of the head and neck
Genu corporis callosi

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Anatomy of the head and neck
Pulvinar thalami

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Anatomy of the head and neck
Splenium of corpus callosum

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Anatomy of the head and neck
Striatum 1

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Anatomy of the head and neck
Striatum 2

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Anatomy of the head and neck
Striatum, accumbens nucleus

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Anatomy of the head and neck
Striatum, ncl. accumbens, fornix

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Anatomy of the head and neck
Striatum, pallidum, amygdala

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Anatomy of the head and neck
Caudal part of thalamus

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Anatomy of the head and neck
Horizontal section - basal nuclei and internal capsule

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Anatomy of the head and neck
Inferior view of hindbrain

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Anatomy of the head and neck
Anterior view of hindbrain

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Anatomy of the head and neck
Posterior view of hindbrain

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Anatomy of the head and neck
Superior view of diencephalon

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Anatomy of the head and neck
Inferior view of diencephalon

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Anatomy of the head and neck
Posterior view of diencephalon

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Anatomy of the head and neck
Diencephalon, sagittal section

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Anatomy of the head and neck
Lateral view of telencephalon

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Anatomy of the head and neck
Medial view of telencephalon

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Anatomy of the head and neck
Superior view of telencephalon

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Anatomy of the head and neck
The telencephalon

Photograph of terminal brain viewed from below and from the medial side.

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Anatomy of the head and neck
Hippocampus

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Anatomy of the head and neck
Arachnoid granulations

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Anatomy of the head and neck
Olfactory brain

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Anatomy of the head and neck
Introduction

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Schemes of sections through brain and brain stem

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Spino-thalamic tract

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Spino-bulbo-thalamo-cortical tract

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Spino-reticular tract

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Lemniscal system-pathway of dorsal funiculi

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Quiz- Topography of the spino-thalamic tract

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Quiz
Quiz-Topography of the lemniscal system

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Cortico-spinal tract

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Cortico-spinal tract in MRI

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Rubro-spinal tract

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Tecto-spinal tract

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Vestibulo-spinal tract

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Reticulo-spinal tract

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Quiz- Topography of the cortico-spinal tract

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Quiz
Static constituent in the pathway of dorsal funiculi

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The kinetic constituent - ventral spino-cerebellar tract

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The kinetic constituent - dorsal spino-cerebellar tract

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Spino-olivar tract

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Direct vestibulo-cerebellar tract

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Indirect vestibulo-cerebellar tract

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Neocerebellar circuits

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Cerebellar efferents

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Control cerebellar circuit of Papez

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Quiz - receptors

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Quiz
Quiz - static proprioception

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Quiz
Quiz - ventral spino-cerebellar tract

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Quiz
Quiz - dorsal spino-cerebellar tract

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Quiz
Quiz - spino-olivar tract

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Quiz
Quiz - vestibulo-cerebellar tracts

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Quiz
Quiz - neocerebellar circuits

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Quiz
Scheme of visual pathway

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Anatomy of the head and neck
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Retina

Microscopic view of retinal layers, stained by H+E

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Anatomy of the head and neck
Macula

Macula and central fovea

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Anatomy of the head and neck
Optic chiasma

Optic chiasma and optic tract

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Anatomy of the head and neck
Optic tract

Optic tract and its termination in lateral geniculate body

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Anatomy of the head and neck
Lateral geniculate body

Frontal section at the level of lateral geniculate body

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Anatomy of the head and neck
Lateral geniculate body

Microscopic section through lateral geniculate body

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Anatomy of the head and neck
Midbrain

Microscopic section through the midbrain- silver impregnation

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Anatomy of the head and neck
Midbrain

Microscopic section through the mesencephalon - Nissl staining

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Anatomy of the head and neck
Gennar´s stria

Microscopic section through visual cortex. Gennar´s stria - termination of geniculo-cortical pathway visible by naked ey as a white strip

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Anatomy of the head and neck
Visual pathway

Videodemonstration of visual pathway

Video
Anatomy of the head and neck
Optic chiasma

Videodemonstration of optic nerve and optic chiasma

Video
Anatomy of the head and neck
Scheme of auditory pathway

Scheme of neurones of auditory pathway. 4 neuronal afferent centripetal tract terminating in the primary acoustic cortex of temporal lobe. Receptor: hairs cells of Corti organ inside the membranous cochlear duct of inner ear. Receptors are surrounded by dendrites of bipolar neurons of the cochlear ganglion (1. N). Axons of bipolar neurons form the cochlear nerve. Cochlear nerve terminates in the cochlear nuclei (2. N) in the brainstem. From cochlear nuclei information go by the lateral lemniscus into the inferior collicle (3. N) in the mesencephalon. Signals interpolate in the inferior collicle and continue to the medial geniculate body (4. N). The last part of the auditory tract – acustic radiation (geniculo-cortical tract) continue into the upper part of the temporal lobe – transverse temporal gyruses (primary acustic cortex). Between the basic neurons of the auditory pathway there are inserted interstitial (relay neurons) which are grouped into independent nuclei : nucleus olivaris superior, nucleus corporis trapezoidei, nucleus lemnisci lateralis.

Illustration
Anatomy of the head and neck
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Cochlea

Microscopic section through cochlea - section through modiolus, hematoxylin-eosin staining

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Anatomy of the head and neck
Organ of Corti

Microscopic section through the organ of Corti

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Anatomy of the head and neck
Internal acustic meatus

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Anatomy of the head and neck
Cochlear ganglion

Cochler ganglion is placed in lamina spiralis ossea and it contains mainly bipolar neurons (only 10 % are pseudounipolar neurons) – 1. N of the acoustic tract. Their dendrites surrounds bases of inner and outer hair cells together with axons of the controll acoustic pathways. Their axons (cochlear nerve) run from the cochlear ganglion through the modiolus (canales longitudinales modioli) to lower anterior part of the fundus of internal acoustic meatus (tractus spiralis foraminosus) and they joint the vestibular nerve to form the vestibulocochlear nerve.

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Anatomy of the head and neck
Brainstem

Brainstem and origin of vestibulocochlear nerve

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Anatomy of the head and neck
Brainstem

Dorsal aspect of brainstem

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Anatomy of the head and neck
Oblongate

Microscopic section through brainstem at the level of cochlera nuclei

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Anatomy of the head and neck
Pons-midbrain junction at the level of inferior colliculus

Microscopic section through pons-midbrain junction at th elevel of inferior colliculus, Nissl staining

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Anatomy of the head and neck
Lateral aspect of the hemisphere

Lateral aspect of the hemispere with the cortical representation of auditory areas

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Anatomy of the head and neck
Auditory pathway - 1st neuron

The video demonstrates the first part of auditory pathway

Anatomy of the head and neck
Auditory pathway - 2nd a nd 3rd neuron

Videodemonstration of 2nd and 3rd neurons of auditory pathway

Video
Anatomy of the head and neck
Auditory pathway - general overview

Videodemonstration of auditory pathway

Video
Anatomy of the head and neck
Medial geniculate body

Lateral aspect of brainstem and geniculate bodies

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Anatomy of the head and neck
Vestibular pathway

Scheme of vestibular pathway

Illustration
Anatomy of the head and neck
Interactive
Ampullar crest

Vestibular sensory cells (hairy cells) forming ampullar crest

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Anatomy of the head and neck
Utricular maculla

Accumulation of sensory cells forming the utricular maculla in vestibulum

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Anatomy of the head and neck
Semicircular canals

Semicircular canals dissected in temporal bone

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Anatomy of the head and neck
Brainstem

Dorsal aspect of brainstem

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Anatomy of the head and neck
Brainstem

Brainstem and origin of vestibulocochlear nerve

Photograph
Anatomy of the head and neck
Oblongate

Microscopic section through brainstem at the level of cochlera nuclei

Photograph
Anatomy of the head and neck
Cerebellum

Ventral view on cerebellum

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Anatomy of the head and neck
Thalamus

Microscopic section through thalamus, frontal section, Nissl staining

Photograph
Anatomy of the head and neck
Vestibular pathway - 1st neuron

Videodemonstration of vestibular pathway

Video
Anatomy of the head and neck
Vestibular pathway - complete overview

Videodemonstration of vestibular pathway - general overview

Video
Anatomy of the head and neck
Olfactory pathway

Illustration
Anatomy of the head and neck
Interactive

Photograph
Anatomy of the head and neck
Cribriforme plate

Through the cribriforme plate passes olfactory fibres

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Anatomy of the head and neck
Olfactory pathway - 1st video

Video
Anatomy of the head and neck
Ventral aspect of the brain

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Anatomy of the head and neck
Olfactory pathway - complete record

Video
Anatomy of the head and neck
Gustatory pathway

Schema of gustatory pathway

Illustration
Anatomy of the head and neck
Interactive
Taste bud

Microscopic picture of taste buds

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Anatomy of the head and neck
Tongue

Dorsal surface of the tongue

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Anatomy of the head and neck
Medulla

Microscopic section through medulla, solitary tract, Nissl staining

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Anatomy of the head and neck
Gustatory pathway - video

The course and termination of gustatory pathway

Video
Anatomy of the head and neck